Aida
Brydbord - Footnotes
1. A Judenrat (Jewish Council) was formed in Pruzhany
in mid-July, 1941, consisting eventually of 24 members. (Pinkas Pruzhany,
Tel Aviv, 1983, p.92).
2. Yitzhak Janowicz was head of
the Pruzhany Judenrat. Pinkas Pruzhany, p.339.
3. Zavel Siegel is mentioned in
Pinkas
Pruzhany, p.378 as a spokesman.
4. Dr. Olia (Olga) Goldfein, born
in Pruzhany in 1889, received her medical training in Geneva in 1913, after
being excluded from Russian medical schools by the numerous clausus (quota).
She served in a Moscow hospital during World War I and then returned to
Pruzhany, where she established a flourishing medical practice among Jews
and Christians. Under Russian occupation in World War II she was |
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appointed director of
the city hospital. She and her husband were on the first transport to Auschwitz
from Pruzhany. She escaped from the train at Linovo, nearby, and made her
way back to Pruzhany in spite of a head wound caused by a German rifle
butt. Dr. Goldfein sought refuge in the convent at Pruzhany and was warmly
received by Sister Dolorosa, whom she had once cured of a serious illness.
The Mother Superior, however, ordered her to leave the convent.
Dressed as a nun, accompanied by Sister Dolorosa,
Dr. Goldfein reached Sister Dolorosa's home in a faraway village, where
she worked as a nurse for the duration of the war. After liberation by
the Red Army the women returned to Pruzhany, where Sister Dolorosa was
expelled from the convent. They then went to Lodz, where Sister Dolorosa
settled. Dr. Goldfein became a medical officer in Marshall Zhukhov's army.
After the war she was reunited with her daughter in France, and eventually
settled in Israel where she worked as a doctor for Kupat Holim. She died
in 1964. Sister Dolorosa was honoured by Yad Vashem as a Righteous Gentile.
(Pinkas Pruzhany, pp.59-62, and Ehrenburg. Ilya and Vasily Grossman,
The
Black Book, N.Y.: Holocaust Library, 1981, pp.206-212).
5. See Trunk, Isaiah, Judenrat,
N.Y., Macmillan, 1972, p.170 for a description of this hospital: "A group
of dedicated doctors and nurses worked miracles ..."
6. In the Pruzhany ghetto the
population density reached unusual proportions, with 2 square meters per
person, after 4500 Jews from Bialystock were forced to move in. Trunk,
Judenrat,
p.126.
7. This massacre is described
in Pinkas Pruzhany, pp.151-153. It took place at the end of July,
1942.
8. Trunk, Judenrat, p.465-466.
9. Trunk, Judenrat, p.462.
10. Pinkas Pruzhany, p.380.
They were going to the railroad station at Linovo. |